苏格拉底英文介绍？and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).翻译：苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，那么，苏格拉底英文介绍？一起来了解一下吧。
苏格拉底
Details about Socrates are derived from three contemporary sources: the dialogues of Plato, the plays of Aristophanes, and the dialogues of Xenophon. Aristotle was a youth when Socrates died. There is no evidence that Socrates wrote anything himself.
Aristophanes' play The Clouds portrays Socrates as a clown who teaches his students how to bamboozle their way out of debt. Most of Aristophanes' works, however, function as parodies. Thus one should not take his portrayal of Socrates at face value.
According to Plato, Socrates' father was Sophroniscus and his mother Phaenarete, a midwife. Socrates married Xanthippe, who was much younger than her husband. She bore him three sons, Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus. Socrates was executed when the boys were all quite young. His friend Crito critized him for abandoning his sons when he refused to try to escape before his execution.
It is unclear how Socrates earned a living. According to Timon of Phlius and later sources, Socrates took over the profession of stonemasonry from his father. But no earlier sources corroborate this story. Plato pictures Socrates loitering around schoolyards looking for children to befriend. According to Xenophon's Symposium, Socrates is reported as saying he devotes himself only to what he regards as the most important art or occupation: discussing philosophy. Aristophanes portrays Socrates as accepting payment for teaching and running a sophist school with Chaerephon, in The Clouds, while in Plato's Apology and Symposium and in Xenophon's accounts, Socrates explicitly denies accepting payment for teaching. More specifically, in the Apology Socrates cites his poverty as proof that he is not a teacher.
Several of Plato's dialogues refer to Socrates' military service. Socrates says he served in the Athenian army during three campaigns: at Potidaea, Amphipolis, and Delium. In the Symposium Alcibiades describes Socrates' valour in the battles of Potidaea and Delium, recounting how Socrates saved his life in the former battle (219e-221b). Socrates' exceptional service at Delium is also mentioned in the Laches, by the general the dialogue is named after (181b). In the Apology Socrates compares his military service to his courtroom troubles, and says that anyone on the jury who thinks he ought to retreat from philosophy must also think that soldiers should retreat when it looks like they will be killed in battle.
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亚里士多德
Aristotle was born in Stageira (Greek: ∑τάγειρα)in Chalcidice. His parents were Phaestis and Nicomachus, who became physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Aristotle was educated as a member of the aristocracy. At about the age of eighteen, he went to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. Aristotle remained at the Academy for nearly twenty years, not leaving until after Plato's death in 347 BC. He then traveled with Xenocrates to the court of Hermias of Atarneus in Asia Minor. While in Asia, Aristotle traveled with Theophrastus to the island of Lesbos, where together they researched the botany and zoology of the island. Aristotle married Hermias' daughter (or niece) Pythias. She bore him a daughter, whom they named after his wife, Pythias. Soon after Hermias' death, Aristotle was invited by Philip of Macedon to become tutor to Alexander the Great.
After spending several years tutoring the young Alexander, Aristotle returned to Athens. By 335 BC, he established his own school there, the Lyceum. Aristotle directed courses at the Lyceum for the next twelve years. While in Athens, his wife Pythias died. Aristotle soon became involved with Herpyllis of Stagira, who bore him a son whom he named after his father, Nicomachus.
It is during this time in Athens that Aristotle is thought to have composed many of his works. Although Aristotle wrote dialogues, only fragments of these have survived. The works that have survived are in treatise form and, for the most part, were not meant for widespread publication. These are generally thought to be lecture notes or texts used by his students. Among the most important are Physics, Metaphysics (or Ontology), Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul) and Poetics. These works, although connected in many fundamental ways, differ significantly in both style and substance.
Aristotle not only studied almost every subject possible at the time, but made significant contributions to most of them. In science, Aristotle studied anatomy, astronomy, economics, embryology, geography, geology, meteorology, physics, and zoology. In philosophy, Aristotle wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, psychology, rhetoric and theology. He also dealt with education, foreign customs, literature and poetry. His combined works practically constitute an encyclopedia of Greek knowledge. It has been remarked that Aristotle was likely the last person to know everything there was to be known in his own time.[1]
Upon Alexander's death in 323 BC, anti-Macedonian feelings in Athens once again flared. Eurymedon the hierophant denounced Aristotle, claiming he did not hold the gods in honor. Aristotle fled the city to his mother's family estate in Chalcis, explaining, "I will not allow the Athenians to sin twice against philosophy."[2] However, he died there of natural causes within the year. Aristotle left a will, which has been preserved, in which he asked to be buried next to his wife.
苏格拉底（Socrates）是古希腊的一位哲学家和思想家，他出生于公元前469年，逝世于公元前399年。他是西方哲学史上的重要人物，被称为"古希腊哲学的巨匠"之一。
苏格拉底是一位多才多艺的人，他从事过雕刻、绘画、铸币等工作，但他最著名的身份是哲学家。他在哲学上提出了许多重要的问题和思想，如"我是谁"、"存在的本质"、"真理的意义"等等。
苏格拉底的哲学思想主要表现在以下几个方面：
1. 认识论：苏格拉底认为人类认识的基础是感觉，感觉是人类获得知识的途径。他强调通过感官体验来认识世界，提出了"感觉主义"的观点。
2. 伦理学：苏格拉底提出了"自利原则"，认为人类的行为应该以自己的利益为目的。他认为道德和伦理应该以实用为目的，而不是以道德规范为目的。
3. 形而上学：苏格拉底认为人类无法通过感官获得对事物本质的认识，因此他提出了"超越感知"的观点。他认为人类应该超越感知，通过思考和内省来认识世界。
苏格拉底在哲学上对西方文化产生了深远的影响，他的思想和哲学成为西方文化的重要组成部分。他的思想启示了后世的许多哲学家和思想家，对人类文化的发展产生了重要的贡献。
Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. In many ways it paved the way both to modern science and to modernphilosophy. Clear unbroken lines of influence lead from early Greek philosophers, through early Muslim philosophy to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the secular sciences of the modern day.
Socrates
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苏格拉底(469-399BC,古希腊哲学家)
Socrates
AHD:[s¼k“r…-t¶z”],470?-399b.c.
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Greek philosopher who initiated a question-and-answer method of teaching as a means of achieving self-knowledge. His theories of virtue and justice have survived through the writings of Plato, his most important pupil. Socrates was tried for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth and subsequently put to death (399).
苏格拉底希腊哲学家，首创了问答工教学方法，作为获得认识自我的一种方法。他关于道德和正义的理论，通过柏拉图（他最著名的学生）的著作而得以流传下来。
古希腊哲学家:
苏格拉底、柏拉图 和亚里士多德(socrates,plato,aristole)三人一起创立了今天的西方哲学思想。
阿那克西曼德Anaximander --绘制第一张全球地图的人。
阿那克萨哥拉Anaxagoras--第一个设想月光是日光的反射的人，也是第一个用月影盖着地球和地影盖着月亮的见解来说明日食和月食的人。
毕达哥拉斯--古希腊哲学家、数学家。他是第一个发现勾股定理的人。
赫拉克利特Heraclitus
--他的名言是："人不能两次踏入同一条河流，因为无论是这条河还是这个人都已经不同。"
泰勒士Thalesde--泰勒士认为万物由水构成，水是万物之源。
以上就是苏格拉底英文介绍的全部内容，苏格拉底（Socrates）是古希腊的一位哲学家和思想家，他出生于公元前469年，逝世于公元前399年。他是西方哲学史上的重要人物，被称为"古希腊哲学的巨匠"之一。苏格拉底是一位多才多艺的人，他从事过雕刻、绘画、铸币等工作，但他最著名的身份是哲学家。他在哲学上提出了许多重要的问题和思想，内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
