四大菜系英文？Four Major Chinese Cuisines 中国四大菜系：1）鲁菜（Shangdong cuisine)；2）川菜（Sichuan cuisine)；3）粤菜（Cantonese cuisine)；4）苏菜（Jiangsu Cuisine)。那么，四大菜系英文？一起来了解一下吧。
中国食物介绍：
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Chinese Cuisine
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Chinese cuisine originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world — from East Asia to North America, Australia, Western Europe and Southern Africa.
Regional cultural differences vary greatly amongst the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. There are eight main regional cuisines, or Eight Great Traditions (八大菜系): Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, and Zhejiang. Among them, Cantonese, Sichuan, Shandong, and Huaiyang cuisine (a major style and even viewed as the representation of the entire Jiangsu cuisine) are often considered as the standouts of Chinese cuisine and due to their influence are proclaimed as the Four Great Traditions (四大菜系). Occasionally Beijing cuisine and Shanghai cuisine are also cited along with the aforementioned eight regional styles as the Ten Great Traditions (十大菜系). There are also featured Buddhist and Muslim sub-cuisines within the greater Chinese cuisine, with an emphasis on vegetarian and halal-based diets respectively.
Presentation
In most dishes in Chinese cuisine, food is prepared in bite-sized pieces (e.g. vegetable, meat, tofu), ready for direct picking up and eating. Traditionally, Chinese culture considered using knives and forks at the table barbaric due to fact that these implements are regarded as weapons. It was also considered ungracious to have guests work at cutting their own food. Fish are usually cooked and served whole, with diners directly pulling pieces from the fish with chopsticks to eat, unlike in some other cuisines where they are first filleted. This is because it is desired for fish to be served as fresh as possible, and more importantly, whole fish culturally signifies wholeness of things as it has a proper beginning (head) with an end (tail). It is common in many restaurant settings for the server to use a pair of spoons to divide the fish into servings at the table. Chicken is another meat popular in Chinese meals. While the chicken is cut into pieces, and similar to serving fish every single piece of the chicken is served including gizzards and head in order to signify completeness.
In a Chinese meal, each individual diner is given his or her own bowl of rice while the accompanying dishes are served in communal plates (or bowls) that are shared by everyone sitting at the table. In the Chinese meal, each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their chopsticks. This is in contrast to western meals where it is customary to dole out individual servings of the dishes at the beginning of the meal. Many non-Chinese are uncomfortable with allowing a person's individual utensils (which might have traces of saliva) to touch the communal plates; for this hygienic reason, additional serving spoons or chopsticks （"公筷", lit. common/public/shared chopsticks) may be made available. In areas with increased Western influence, such as Hong Kong, diners are provided individually with a heavy metal spoon for this purpose. The food selected is often eaten together with some rice either in one bite or in alternation.
Red meat
Pork is generally preferred over beef in Chinese cuisine due to economic and aesthetic reasons; the pig is easy to feed and is not used for labour, and is so closely tied with the idea of domesticity that the character for "home" depicts a pig under a roof. The colour of the meat and the fat of pork are regarded as more appetizing, while the taste and smell are described as sweeter and cleaner. It is also considered easier to digest. However, beef is more popular in the west of the country, influenced by Islam, and also in the Sichuan region and parts of the south, where cattle are used for hauling in mining and are plentiful.[1] Lamb is more popular in the far north of the country.
Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is not uncommon or unusual in China, though, as is the case in the West, it is only practiced by a relatively small proportion of the population. Most Chinese vegetarians are Buddhists, following the Buddhist teachings about minimizing suffering. Chinese vegetarian dishes often contain large varieties of vegetables (e.g. bok choy, shiitake mushroom, sprouts, corn) and some imitation meat. Such imitation meat is created mostly with soy protein and/or mianjin (a preparation of wheat gluten better known in the West by the Japanese-derived name seitan) to imitate the texture, taste, and appearance of duck, chicken, or pork. Imitation seafood items, made from other vegetable substances such as konjac, are also available.
Beverages
In traditional Chinese culture, cold beverages are believed to be harmful to digestion of hot food, so items like ice-cold water or soft drinks are traditionally not served at meal-time. Besides soup, if any other beverages are served, they would most likely be hot tea or hot water. Tea is believed to help in the digestion of greasy foods. Despite this tradition, nowadays beer and soft drinks are popular accompaniment with meals. A popular combo in many small restaurants in parts of China is hot pot served with cold beer, a combination known as "冷淡杯" (Pinyin: leng3 dan4 bei1, literally: cold and bland cup, despite being strongly flavored), which is the very opposite of what traditional wisdom would admonish. Ideas from Chinese herbology, such as the four natures, influence the food combinations favored in traditional Chinese meals.
Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中国菜, Simplified Chinese:中国菜) originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world — from East Asia to North America, Australia, Western Europe and Southern Africa.
Regional cultural differences vary greatly amongst the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. There are eight main regional cuisines, or Eight Great Traditions (八大菜系): Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, and Zhejiang. Among them, Cantonese, Sichuan, Shandong, and Huaiyang cuisine (a major style and even viewed as the representation of the entire Jiangsu cuisine) are often considered as the standouts of Chinese cuisine and due to their influence are proclaimed as the Four Great Traditions (四大菜系). Occasionally Beijing cuisine and Shanghai cuisine are also cited along with the aforementioned eight regional styles as the Ten Great Traditions (十大菜系). There are also featured Buddhist and Muslim sub-cuisines within the greater Chinese cuisine, with an emphasis on vegetarian and halal-based diets respectively.
In most dishes in Chinese cuisine, food is prepared in bite-sized pieces (e.g. vegetables and meat which is known as tofu), ready for direct picking up and eating. Traditionally, Chinese culture considered using knives and forks at the table barbaric due to fact that these implements are regarded as weapons. It was also considered ungracious to have guests work at cutting their own food. Fish are usually cooked and served whole, with diners directly pulling pieces from the fish with chopsticks to eat, unlike in some other cuisines where they are first filleted. This is because it is desired for fish to be served as fresh as possible, and more importantly, whole fish culturally signifies wholeness of things as it has a proper beginning (head) with an end (tail). It is common in many restaurant settings for the server to use a pair of spoons to divide the fish into servings at the table. Chicken is another meat popular in Chinese meals. While the chicken is cut into pieces, and similar to serving fish every single piece of the chicken is served including gizzards and head in order to signify completeness.
In a Chinese meal, each individual diner is given his or her own bowl of rice while the accompanying dishes are served in communal plates (or bowls) that are shared by everyone sitting at the table. In the Chinese meal, each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their chopsticks. This is in contrast to western meals where it is customary to dole out individual servings of the dishes at the beginning of the meal. Many non-Chinese are uncomfortable with allowing a person's individual utensils (which might have traces of saliva) to touch the communal plates; for this hygienic reason, additional serving spoons or chopsticks （"公筷", lit. common/public/shared chopsticks) may be made available. In areas with increased Western influence, such as Hong Kong, diners are provided individually with a heavy metal spoon for this purpose. The food selected is often eaten together with some rice either in one bite or in alternation.
[edit] Red meat
Pork is generally preferred over beef in Chinese cuisine due to economic and aesthetic reasons; the pig is easy to feed and is not used for labour, and is so closely tied with the idea of domesticity that the character for "home" depicts a pig under a roof. The colour of the meat and the fat of pork are regarded as more appetizing, while the taste and smell are described as sweeter and cleaner. It is also considered easier to digest. However, beef is more popular in the west of the country, influenced by Islam, and also in the Sichuan region and parts of the south, where cattle are used for hauling in mining and are plentiful.[1] Lamb is more popular in the far north of the country.
[edit] Vegetarianism
Main article: Vegetarianism in China
Vegetarianism is not uncommon or unusual in China, though, as is the case in the West, it is only practiced by a relatively small proportion of the population. Most Chinese vegetarians are Buddhists, following the Buddhist teachings about minimizing suffering. Chinese vegetarian dishes often contain large varieties of vegetables (e.g. bok choy, shiitake mushroom, sprouts, corn) and some imitation meat. Such imitation meat is created mostly with soy protein and/or wheat gluten to imitate the texture, taste, and appearance of duck, chicken, or pork. Imitation seafood items, made from other vegetable substances such as konjac, are also available.
[edit] Beverages
In traditional Chinese culture, cold beverages are believed to be harmful to digestion of hot food, so items like ice-cold water or soft drinks are traditionally not served at meal-time. Besides soup, if any other beverages are served, they would most likely be hot tea or hot water. Tea is believed to help in the digestion of greasy foods. Despite this tradition, nowadays beer and soft drinks are popular accompaniment with meals. A popular combo in many small restaurants in parts of China is hot pot served with cold beer, a combination known as "冷淡杯" (Pinyin: leng3 dan4 bei1, literally: cold and bland cup, despite being strongly flavored), which is the very opposite of what traditional wisdom would admonish. Ideas from Chinese herbology, such as the four natures, influence the food combinations favored in traditional Chinese meals.
[edit] Contemporary health trends
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates for 2001–2003, 12% of the population of the People’s Republic of China was undernourished.[2] The number of undernourished people in the country has fallen from 386.6 million in 1969–1971 to 150.0 million in 2001–2003.[3]
Undernourishment is a problem mainly in the central and western part of the country, while "unbalanced nutrition" is a problem in developed coastal and urban areas. Decades of food shortages and rationing ended in the 1980s. A study in 2004 showed that fat intake among urban dwellers had grown to 38.4 percent, beyond the 30 per cent limit set by the World Health Organization. Excessive consumption of fats and animal protein has made chronic diseases more prevalent. As of 2008, 22.8 percent of the population were obese and 18.8 percent had high blood pressure. The number of diabetes cases in China is the highest in the world. In 1959, the incidence of high blood pressure was only 5.9 percent.[4][5]
A typical Chinese peasant before industrialization would have eaten meat rarely and most meals would have consisted of rice accompanied with green vegetables, with protein coming from foods like peanuts. Fats and sugar were luxuries not eaten on a regular basis by most of the population. With increasing wealth, Chinese diets have become richer with more meats, fats, and sugar being consumed.
Health advocates put some of the blame on the increased popularity of Western foods, especially fast food, and other culinary products and habits. Many Western, especially American, fast food chains have appeared in China, and are highly successful economically. These include McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC).
An extensive epidemiological study called the China Project is being conducted to observe the relationship of disease patterns to diet, particularly the move from the traditional Chinese diet to one which incorporates more rich Western-style foods. Controversially, Professor T. Colin Campbell has implicated the increased consumption of animal protein in particular as having a strong correlation with cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and other diseases that, while common in Western countries, were considered rare in China. He suggests that even a small increase in the consumption of animal protein can dramatically raise the risk of the aforementioned diseases.
我特别把你需要的【浙菜】标示出来，其他部分一并供你参考了。
·Shandong Cuisine （鲁菜）
Major characteristics of Shandong Cuisine:
1) Prepared with a wide variety of materials. For example. Jiaodong dishes are mainly made of aquatic products due to its proximity to the Yellow Sea. People in Jinan and Jiving like to prepare cuisine with mountain delicacies and seafood delights, melons, fruits, vegetables and peppers.
2) A pure, strong and mellow taste, rather than a mixed taste. Chefs are good at using onions and seasonings.
3) Shandong Cuisine is known for its excellent seafood dishes and delicious soup.
4) Chefs excel at preparing clear, smell, crisp, tender and delicious dishes by frying, stirring and steaming.
Famous dishes: Stir Fried Prawns, Fried Sea Cucumbers with Onions, Sweet and Sour Carp, Large Jiaodong Chicken Wings, Taishan Fish with Red Scales, etc.
·Sichuan Cuisine （川菜）
The main- characteristics of Sichuan Cuisine:
1) Prepared with a wide variety of ingredients.
2) Presenting various shapes and tastes, and famous for spicy food, fish-flavored shredded pork and food with odd taste.
3) Boasting numerous cooking techniques, such as stir frying, frying, stir-frying before stewing, and braising.
Famous dishes: Stir-fried Diced Chicken with Chilli and Peanuts, Stir-fried Bean Curd in Hot Sauce, Fish-flavored Shredded Pork, Rice Crusts and Sliced Pork, Stir-fried Sliced Beef, etc.
·Guangdong Cuisine （粤菜）
Guangdong Cuisine, one of the main cuisine styles in China, is composed of Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang cuisine. With the advantages of all delicacies from all over the country, Guangdong Cuisine has gradually formed its own characteristics - using a wide variety of ingredients, offering food of all tastes, shapes and colors, good at changing, and serving light food in summer and autumn, and strong and mellow food in winter and spring. Guangdong Cuisine features sour, bitter, spicy and delicious tastes with a clear and fragrant smell. Guangdong snacks are peculiar about ingredients, some sweet and some salty, enjoying the reputation of "100 kinds of snacks having 100 tastes and 100 shapes." There is an old saying: "Guangdong serves best food in the country." Now we can say: "Guangdong offers delicacies from all over the world."
Famous dishes: Fried Bean Curd and Fresh Shrimps, Baiyun Pig‘s Trotters, Roast Piglet with Crisp Skin, Dongjiang Salted Chicken, Refreshing Beef Balls, Taiye Chicken, Fried Jelly Fish, etc.
·Fujian Cuisine （闽菜）
Fujian Cuisine have the following characteristics:
1) Chefs are skilled in the use of a kitchen knife, full of interest.
2) The Fujian people are peculiar about soup, which is full of changes.
3) A wide variety of seasonings are used, with unique characteristics.
4) Dishes are meticulously prepared, refined and graceful.
5) Fujian Cuisine is characterized by clear, refreshing, delicious and light tastes, slightly sweet and sour.
Typical famous dishes: Monk Jumps over Wall, sea clams in Chicken Soup, Glossy Ganoderma and Jade Cicadas, Litchi Pulp, Fragrant Sliced Snails with a Faint Smell of Distillers‘ Grains, Jadeite Pearl Abalone, Chicken with Distillers‘ Grains, etc. Famous snacks: Fried Oyster, Lightly Fried Dumpling, Clam Cakes, Thousand Layer Cake, Meat Balls, Taiji Smashed Taro.
·Jiangsu Cuisine （苏菜）
The main characteristics of Jiangsu cuisine:
1) Distinguished for exquisite ingredients, freshness and aliveness.
2) High cutting techniques.
3) Have a good command of duration and degree of heating and cooking.
4) Good at keeping the original taste one particular taste for one dish. All dishes have light, mellow and refreshing tastes. Yangzhou Cuisine is light and elegant; Suzhou Cuisine is slightly sweet; and Wuxi Cuisine is fairly sweet.
5) Pay great attention to soup, which is strong but not greasy, and delicious.
Famous dishes: Butterfish in Creamy Juice, Santao Duck, Steamed Large Meatballs, Fragrant and Soft Silverfish, Crystal Pig‘s Trotters, Steamed Hilsa Herring, King Bids Farewell to His Consort, etc. Well-known snacks include Dumplings with Juicy Crab Meat Filling, Noodles in Clear Soup, Jadeite Steamed Dumplings with the Dough Gathered at the Top, etc.
【·Zhejiang Cuisine （浙菜）】
Of a large number local cuisine styles, Zhejiang Cuisine occupies an important position and mainly consists of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Wenzhou cuisine styles, each having its own local characteristics.
Hangzhou Cuisine, the representative of Zhejiang Cuisine, is delicious, light, crisp, elegant and highly finished. Ningbo local dishes are delicious, tender, soft and refreshing. Shaoxing Cuisine, which has the characteristics of the I,md of fish, includes various kinds of local dishes, which are soft and aromatic with original soup ,[lid juice, light oil, and a heavy taste. Chefs are forbidden to use peppers. Wenzhou Cuisine, also I,nown as On Cuisine, is known for delicious seafood and light and delicious dishes.
Famous dishes: West Lake Sour Fish, Dongpo Pork, Longjing Shrimp Meat, Jiaohua Young Chickens, Steam Rice Flower and Pork Wrapped by Lotus Leaves, Braised Bamboo Shoots and Whitefish with Fermented Glutinous Rice.
·Hunan Cuisine （湘菜）
Hunan Cuisine has three characteristics:
1) Skilful use of a kitchen knife, a delicious taste and a beautiful shape.
2) Known for sour and spicy dishes by adding various kinds of seasonings.
3) Adopting a wide variety of techniques.
Famous dishes: Spicy Young Chicken, Fried Fish Slices, Steamed Soft-Shell Turtle, Steamed Cured Meat, Huofang Whitebait, Dongting Fat Fish Maw, Jishou Sour Meat, Oily and Spicy Tender Bamboo Shoots, and Chinese Chestnuts and Hearts of Cabbages.
·Anhui Cuisine （徽菜）
Anhui Cuisine has the following four characteristics:
1) Using a wide variety of ingredients.
2) Adopting unique techniques.
3) Paying great attention to nutritious food.
4) Offering various kinds of dishes, some of which are full of local flavor.
Famous dishes: Milky Fat Fish King, Stewed Mati Soft-shelled Turtle in Clear Soup, Guest Welcoming Pine, Crucian Carp in Earthen Pot, Fuliji Chicken, Red Bayberry and Glutinous Rice Balls, etc. Local snacks include Butterfly Noodles, White Gourd Dumplings, Frozen Rice Sugar, Tunxi Liquor-saturated Crabs, etc.
▲以上就是 CHINESE FOOD CULTURE 中国饮食文化（八大菜系）
问题一：广东菜的英文翻译Cantonese Cuisine
The most familiar Chinese dishes originated from the Cantonese cuisine. As most residents originate from the Guangdong province where Guangzhou (Canton) is located, Hong Kong is the world capital for this style of cooking. The Cantonese people are very finicky when it es to the freshness of their food. Even the amount of time taken for a live, swimming fish to be placed on a plate is kept to a minimum.
Cantonese cooking is somewhat lighter than most regional Chinese cuisine. Preparation methods usually involve stir-frying in shallow water or oil in a wok. As cooking time is short, the flavors and nutrition of the food is preserved. Vegetable and fish dishes are often steamed without the use of too much oil. Sauces made from ingredients like ginger, garlic, onion, vinegar, and sugar are plemented to enhance flavors.
Cantonese menus are long and can often confuse the diner in making a decision. There are a wide variety of dishes made from meats, poultry, fish, seafood, and vegetables for your pick. Chicken is a celebrity food among Cantonese eaters. A single chicken can be used to prepare several dishes. Chicken blood is cooked and solidified for soup, and its liver is used in a wonderful delicacy called Golden Coin Chicken. The livers are skewered between pieces of pork fat and red-roasted until the fat bees crispy, and the liver soft and succulent. This specialty is then eaten with wafers or orange-flavored bread.
Seafood is the next best delic......>>
问题二：粤菜英文介绍~~Guangdong, China is one of the four branches, namely the Guangdong Cantonese cuisine, mainly from Guangzhou, Chaozhou, East three flavor, Guangzhou flavor represented. Cantonese has unique southern taste, and to the election materials, extensive new and exotic dishes is famous in the world. Cantonese cuisine originating in south of the Five Ridges. Since the Han and Wei,Guangzhou has always been China's south gate, be located in semi-tropical, endangered South China Sea, the four seasons evergreen, products is rich, nothing needed is lacking. Table delicacies from land and sea, vegetable & fruit in season four seasons, with overseas trade important port, social economy thus prosper, while also promoting diet and cultural development, and to accelerate the Chinese country and country cooking culture exchange. A variety of Chinese and foreign food is absorbed gradually, make the Guangdong cuisine to constantly enrich and improve, its unique style bees more outstanding. Ming, Qing period open sea, the port opening to the outside world, Guangzhou city has been further prosperity, catering and booming. Overseas Guangdong Overseas Chinese numerous, and in Europe and the United States, Southeast Asia learned cooking skills back to hometown; Guangdong to situation ofrapid development, has formed a set of North-South style in a furnace,meltingofChineseand Western cuisine in one of the unique style,
中文：
粤菜，是我国四大菜系之一，粤菜即广东地方风味菜，主要由广州、潮州、东江三种风味组成，以广州风味为代表。
中国传统餐饮文化历史悠久，菜肴在烹饪中有许多流派。
Chinese traditional food culture has a long history, and vegetable dishes have many changes in cooking.
在清代形成鲁、川、粤、苏四大菜系。
In the Qing Dynasty, four major cuisines of Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong and Jiangsu were formed.
后来，闽、浙、湘、徽等地方菜也逐渐出名。
Later, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hui and other local dishes gradually came out of the name.
于是形成了中国的“八大菜系”，即鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、苏菜、闽菜、浙菜、湘菜、徽菜。
As a result, China's "eight major cuisines" were formed, namely, Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, cuisine, cuisine, Jiangsu cuisine, Fujian cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine, Hunan cuisine, and Huizhou cuisine.
中国人发明了炒、烧、煎、炸、煮、蒸、烤、凉拌、淋等烹饪方式。
以上就是四大菜系英文的全部内容，Chinese traditional food culture has a long history, and vegetable dishes have many changes in cooking.在清代形成鲁、川、粤、苏四大菜系。In the Qing Dynasty, four major cuisines of Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong and Jiangsu were formed.后来，闽、浙、湘、徽等地方菜也逐渐出名。内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
